Kalevala: The Epic Poem of Finland
The Kalevala is Finland's national epic, translated into English by John Martin Crawford in 1888. It comprises 50 runes telling the adventures of the wizard Wainamoinen and other mythological heroes of ancient Suomi, including themes of creation, magic, wooing, and struggle between light and darkness.
Divisions
- Rune I0 / 0
Birth of Wainamoinen from the celestial virgin and the waters.
- Rune II0 / 0
Wainamoinen sows the land and cultivates barley and forests.
- Rune III0 / 0
Wainamoinen defeats the minstrel Youkahainen in a singing contest.
- Rune IV0 / 0
The fate of Aino, who drowns in the sea to escape marriage.
- Rune V0 / 0
Wainamoinen laments the loss of Aino and seeks her in the waters.
- Rune VI0 / 0
Wainamoinen's journey north and his encounter with Youkahainen's arrow.
- Rune VII0 / 0
An eagle rescues Wainamoinen from the sea, and he meets Louhi.
- Rune VIII0 / 0
Wainamoinen encounters the Maiden of the Rainbow on the bow of heaven.
- Rune IX0 / 0
The origin of iron and its creation by the ancient smiths.
- Rune X0 / 0
Ilmarinen forges the magical Sampo for the hostess of Pohyola.
- Rune XI0 / 0
Lemminkainen's lament and his wooing of the fair Kyllikki.
- Rune XII0 / 0
Kyllikki breaks her vow and visits the village dances.
- Rune XIII0 / 0
Lemminkainen hunts the wild moose of Hisi as a test.
- Rune XIV0 / 0
Lemminkainen is killed by a serpent in the river of Tuoni.
- Rune XV0 / 0
Lemminkainen's mother recovers his body and restores him to life.
- Rune XVI0 / 0
Wainamoinen builds a magical boat from an oak tree.
- Rune XVII0 / 0
Wainamoinen finds the lost words from the mouth of Wipunen.
- Rune XVIII0 / 0
Wainamoinen and Ilmarinen become rival suitors for the Maiden of Beauty.
- Rune XIX0 / 0
Ilmarinen plows the serpent field and woos the Bride of Beauty.
- Rune XX0 / 0
The brewing of beer for Ilmarinen's wedding feast.
- Rune XXI0 / 0
Ilmarinen's wedding feast celebrated with great ceremony.
- Rune XXII0 / 0
The bride's farewell as she leaves Pohyola for Kalevala.
- Rune XXIII0 / 0
Osmotar advises the bride on her duties and virtues.
- Rune XXIV0 / 0
Another farewell as the bride departs for her new home.
- Rune XXV0 / 0
Wainamoinen sings wedding songs to celebrate the union.
- Rune XXVI0 / 0
The origin of the serpent from evil forces.
- Rune XXVII0 / 0
An unwelcome guest arrives at the wedding celebration.
- Rune XXVIII0 / 0
A mother counsels her daughter on marriage and virtue.
- Rune XXIX0 / 0
The bride discovers an isle of refuge from troubles.
- Rune XXX0 / 0
Encounters with the Frost-fiend of the cold Northland.
- Rune XXXI0 / 0
Kullervo, a son of evil, causes misfortune and destruction.
- Rune XXXII0 / 0
Kullervo works as a shepherd and encounters deception.
- Rune XXXIII0 / 0
Kullervo discovers a trick involving a cheat-cake.
- Rune XXXIV0 / 0
Kullervo finds his long-lost family and tribe-folk.
- Rune XXXV0 / 0
Kullervo commits evil deeds and brings destruction.
- Rune XXXVI0 / 0
Kullervo achieves victory in battle but meets his death.
- Rune XXXVII0 / 0
Ilmarinen forges a bride of gold but she proves false.
- Rune XXXVIII0 / 0
Ilmarinen's unsuccessful wooing of other maidens.
- Rune XXXIX0 / 0
Wainamoinen sets sail on his magic vessel northward.
- Rune XL0 / 0
The birth of a magical harp from the pike's jawbone.
- Rune XLI0 / 0
Wainamoinen plays his harp with magical, enchanting songs.
- Rune XLII0 / 0
The capture of the Sampo from the Northland hostess.
- Rune XLIII0 / 0
The Sampo is lost and sinks into the depths of the sea.
- Rune XLIV0 / 0
The birth of a second magical harp for Wainamoinen.
- Rune XLV0 / 0
The nine diseases are born and sent to plague mankind.
- Rune XLVI0 / 0
Wainamoinen hunts Otso the honey-eater bear of the forest.
- Rune XLVII0 / 0
Louhi steals the Sun, Moon, and Fire from the Northland.
- Rune XLVIII0 / 0
The Fire-fish is captured and the fire is retrieved.
- Rune XLIX0 / 0
The Sun and Moon are restored to bring light to the world.
- Rune L0 / 0
Mariatta bears a child and Wainamoinen sails away to the west.