Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs

Paine asserts that argument is finished, arms will decide the outcome, and the cause is of monumental importance for posterity.

Paine dismisses past arguments for reconciliation and begins to examine the material injuries caused by dependence on Great Britain.

Paine argues that Britain's protection was motivated by its own economic and political interests, not genuine attachment to the colonies.

Paine refutes the "parent country" argument, claiming Europe is America's true origin and its people are united by a broader identity.

Paine argues that English descent is irrelevant, alliance is folly, and connection with Britain offers not a single advantage to America.

Paine argues that alliance with Britain involves America in European wars and that nature, God, and destiny itself dictate separation.

Paine argues that the current government is temporary and identifies the types of men who foolishly support reconciliation.

Paine challenges reconciliationists by asking if they could love and honor a power that has destroyed their homes and families.

Paine argues that the goal is not revenge but a fixed object, as true reconciliation is impossible and unnatural.

Paine argues that since peaceful methods have failed, separation is the only option, as continued rule from an island is unnatural.

Paine argues that anything short of independence is a foolish goal, unworthy of the blood and treasure already spent.

Paine argues that reconciliation would ruin the continent, as the king would use his legislative power to keep America weak.

Paine explains that the king's veto is far more dangerous in America than in England, as he would use it to suppress the colonies' growth.

Paine argues that only independence can keep peace, as reconciliation would lead to instability, revolt, and civil war.

Paine dismisses fears of inter-colony strife and offers hints for a continental government based on a congress and annual assemblies.

Paine proposes a Continental Conference to frame a charter securing freedom, property, and religion, establishing a new government.

Paine declares that America's king is the law itself, and that a government must be formed now to prevent future tyranny.

Paine argues that reconciliation is impossible because some injuries are too great for nature to forgive, making harmony a fantasy.